Study Report

Reference	Matsunaga, S.,2012 PMID: 22981886
Citation	Matsunaga, S., M. Ikeda, et al. (2012). "An evaluation of polymorphisms in casein kinase 1 delta and epsilon genes in major psychiatric disorders." Neurosci Lett 529(1): 66-69.
Disease Type	Bipolar Disorder & Schizophrenia & Major Depressive Disorder
Study Design	case-control
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	1004 patients with BD(BDI = 710, BDII = 291, schizoaffective disorder = 3), 808 patients with SCZ, 452 patients with MDD and 1712 healthy controls
SNP/Region/Marker Size	11 SNPs
Predominant Ethnicity	Mongloid
Population	Japanese
Gender	patients with BD(492 males and 512 females),patients with SCZ (443 males and 365 females), patients with MDD (209 males and 243 females) and healthy controls (922 males and 790 females)
Age Group	adults : patients with BD(mean age,standard deviation;50.0 , 14.4 years),patients with SCZ (46.1,15.1 years), patients with MDD (48.5 , 16.1 years) and healthy controls (44.7,15.2 years)

Sample Diagnosis	DSM
Sample Status	Two independent sample sets were used in this study. In the first-set screening analysis, we used 1004 patients with BD, 808 patients with SCZ, 452 patients with MDD and 1712 healthy controls.For rs2075984 and rs6502097, which showed a significant association with SCZ (P = 0.0091) and BD (P = 0.030), respectively, we used independent datasets consisting of 1380 patients with SCZ (718 males and 662 females; 49.0,15.0 years), 324 patients with BD (163 males and 161 females; 47.6, 14.0 years, BDI = 118,BDII = 206) and 1502 healthy controls (782 males and 720 females: 46.6 ,15.2 years). Specifically for rs2075984, 933 unscreened controls from the public database of Japanese Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (JSNP) were used to increase the sample size. A detailed description of the general characterization and psychiatric assessment of our subjects is available in the Supplementary methods section. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject. This study was approved by the ethics committees at Fujita Health University, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, and institutes participating in the Collaborative Study of Mood Disorder (COSMO).
Technique	Genotyping
Statistical Method	chi-square tests
Result Summary	None of the SNPs showed a significant association with MDD, but a SNP (rs2075984) in CSNK1E and SNP (rs6502097) in CSNK1D were associated with SCZ (P=0.0091, uncorrected) and BD (P=0.030, uncorrected), respectively. To confirm these findings, we analyzed an independent dataset (maximum N=3815) but found a lack of association (P=0.63 for rs2075984 and P=0.61 for rs6502097). The final meta-analysis showed no association between these SNPs with SCZ (P=0.21) and BD (P=0.53). These results do not support that genetic variation in CSNK1D and CSNK1E is a susceptibility factor for major psychiatric disorders in the Japanese population.