Study Report

Reference	Kishi, T., 2008 (a) PMID: 18085546
Citation	Kishi, T., M. Ikeda, et al. (2008). "No association between prostate apoptosis response 4 gene (PAWR) in schizophrenia and mood disorders in a Japanese population." Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147B(4): 531-534.
Disease Type	Bipolar Disorder & Schizophrenia & Major Depressive Disorder
Study Design	case-control
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	schizophrenia: 556 cases. Bipolar disorder (BP): 150 cases (93 patients with Bipolar I disorder and 57 patients with Bipolar II disorder). Major depressive disorder (MDD): 312 cases. 466 controls
SNP/Region/Marker Size	5 SNPs
Predominant Ethnicity	Mongloid
Population	Japanese
Gender	schizophrenia (289 males and 267 females), MDD (155 males and 157 females), BP (76 males and 74 females) and controls (243 males and 223 females).
Age Group	adults : SZ patients: males mean age=42.84 (SD=14.58) years, females mean age=45.13 (SD=14.9) years; MDD patients: males mean age=44.49 (SD=14.09) years, females mean age=50.43 (SD=17.12) years; BP patients: males mean age=46.58 (SD=12.55) years, females mean age=45.05 (SD=14.69) years; Controls: males mean age=34.59 (SD=12.58) years, females mean age=36.16 (SD=15.54) years;

Sample Diagnosis	DSM-IV
Technique	genotyping
Statistical Method	Genotype deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was evaluated by chi-square test (SAS/Genetics, release 8.2, SAS Japan Inc, Tokyo, Japan). Marker-trait association was evaluated by the X2 test (allele and genotype-wise analyses), and the log-likelihood test (haplotype-wise analysis,where the haplotype frequencieswere estimatedwith the Expectation-Maximization algorithm) (SAS/Genetics, release 8.2).To control inflationof the type I error rate, we used a recently developed software program, SNPSpD, which can reflect the correlation of markers (LD) on corrected P-values [Nyholt, 2004]. Power calculation was performed using a statistical program prepared by Ohashi et al. [2001]. The significance level for all statistical tests was 0.05.
Result Summary	No significant association was obtained found with schizophrenia or MDD or BP. We found a significant association of one tagging SNP with BP in a genotype-wise analysis (P=0.0396); however, this might be resulted from type I error due to multiple testing (P=0.158 after SNPSpD correction).