Study Report

Reference	Hashimoto, R.,2005(b) PMID: 15657645
Citation	Hashimoto, R., T. Suzuki, et al. (2005). Association study of the frizzled-3 (FZD3) gene with schizophrenia and mood disorders. J Neural Transm 112(2): 303-307.
Disease Type	Bipolar Disorder & Schizophrenia & Major Depressive Disorder
Study Design	case-control
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	427 patients with schizophrenia,91 with bipolar disorder,396 with major depression and 473 healthy controls
SNP/Region/Marker Size	4 SNPs
Predominant Ethnicity	Mongloid
Population	Japanese
Gender	221 males and 206 females in patients with schizophrenia,40 and 51 in patients with bipolar disorder ,155 and 241 in patients with major depression ,228 and 245 in healthy controls
Age Group	Adults : mean age:44.2 years [SD 14.5] in patients with schizophrenia,53.6 years [SD 14.8] in patients with bipolar disorder ,53.4 years [SD 16.1] in patients with major depression ,36.1 years [SD 12.5] in healthy controls

Sample Diagnosis	DSM
Sample Status	All the subjects were biologically unrelated Japanese. Consensus diagnosis was made for each patient by at least two trained psychiatrists according to the DSM-IV criteria. Controls were healthy volunteers who had no current or past contact to psychiatric services. After description of the study, written informed consent was obtained from every subject. The study protocol was approved by institutional ethical committees.
Technique	genotyping
Statistical Method	Statistical analysis of association studies was performed using SNPAlyse software (DYNACOM,Yokohama, Japan). The presence of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was examined using the X2 test for goodness of fit. Allele distributions between patients and controls were analyzed by the X2 test for independence. The measures of linkage disequilibrium (LD), denoted as D', was calculated from the haplotype frequency using Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Casecontrol haplotype analysis was performed by the permutation method to obtain empirical significance(Good, 2000). The global p-values represent the overall significance using the X2 test when the observed versus expected frequencies of all the haplotypes are considered together.The individual haplotype was tested for association by grouping all others together and applying the X2 test with 1 df.
Result Summary	We examined a possible association in a Japanese sample of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, unipolar depression and controls with four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), tested in previous reports. We failed to find significant association in the four SNPs or haplotype analysis. The FZD3 gene might not play a role in conferring susceptibility to major psychosis in our sample.