Study Report

Reference	Hattori, E.,2002 PMID: 12116188
Citation	Hattori, E., K. Yamada, et al. (2002). "Association study of the short tandem repeat in the 5' upstream region of the cholecystokinin gene with mood disorders in the Japanese population." Am J Med Genet 114(5): 523-526.
Disease Type	Bipolar Disorder & Major Depressive Disorder
Study Design	case-control
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	82 unipolar patients,83 bipolar patients and 253 control samples
SNP/Region/Marker Size	1 short tandem repeat(STR)
Predominant Ethnicity	Mongloid
Population	Japanese
Gender	Male/female:30/52 unipolar patients,46/37 bipolar patients and 133/120 control samples
Age Group	Adults : Mean age(SD)(year):54.2(13.3) of males and 58.2(12.3) of females in unipolar patients,49.2(12.4) of males and 54.5(10.3) of females in bipolar patients and 41.9(10.6) of males and 44.9(14.9) of females in control samples

Sample Diagnosis	DSM
Sample Status	Subjects with mood disorders met the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) [American Psychiatric Association, 1994], and were diagnosed as having either unipolar or bipolar disorder by consensus of at least two experienced psychiatrists. The subjects, both outpatients and inpatients, were followed for at least 6 months from the time of diagnosis. Thirty percent of the unipolars had suffered a single episode, with the rest suffering recurrent episodes. Sixty percent of the bipolars were diagnosed as bipolar I, the remainder as bipolar II. Control subjects were recruited from hospital staff documented to be free of psychoses and company employees who did not manifest psychiatric problems in brief interviews with psychiatrists.
Technique	PCR and sequencing
Statistical Method	Differences in allelic and genotypic distributions were assessed by the Monte-Carlo method using the CLUMP program [Sham and Curtis, 1995] with 1,000 simulations.
Result Summary	However, no significant allelic associations were detected between the STR and either the combined mood disorders (P = 0.885), the unipolar group (P = 0.296), or the bipolar group (P = 0.605). These data suggest that the CCK promoter STR is unlikely to have a major genetic effect on the development of mood disorders in the Japanese population.