BDgene

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Basic Info

Reference	Mohammadynejad, P.,2011 PMID: 20674986
Citation	Mohammadynejad, P., I. Saadat, et al. (2011). "Bipolar disorder and polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1)." Psychiatry Res 186(1): 144-146.
Disease Type	Bipolar Disorder
Study Design	case-control
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	Two hundred twenty-eight BPD patients and 236 healthy controls
SNP/Region/Marker Size	2 polymorphisms
Predominant Ethnicity
Population	Iranian (Persian)
Gender	Male/female:169/59 in BD patients and 179/57 in controls
Age Group	Adults : Mean age(SD)(year):29.0(10.8) in BD patients and 29.2 (10.3) in controls

Detail Info

Sample Diagnosis	DSM
Sample Status	This case-control study was performed in Shiraz, Iran. Sampling was done from June 2004 to July 2005. Two hundred twenty-eight BPD patients from Ibn-Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated in the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by board-certified psychiatrists. The diagnosis was made by one of the authors (A. G.). The diagnoses were made by the clinician according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Inclusion criteria for patients were being aged 16-65 years with type I BPD. A group of 236 healthy blood donors frequency matched with the patients according to age and gender was also studied, as a control group. Both groups were Iranian (Persian) Muslims.
Technique	genotyping
Statistical Method	The comparisons of GST genotypes between the sex groups were done by X² test.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software package (version 11.5).
Result Summary	Statistical analysis revealed that polymorphisms of neither GSTM1 (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.50-1.05) nor GSTT1 (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.65-1.47) were associated with risk of BPD. Patients were stratified according to their age of onset into early onset (below 19 years old) and late onset (more than 19 years old) groups. Among the early onset group, the GSTM1 null genotype decreases the risk of BPD (OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.79). Further analysis showed that a combination of GSTM1 positive genotype and GSTT1 null genotype versus positive genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 increased the risk of BPD (OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.07-4.85). However, there was no significant association between the study polymorphisms and risk of BPD among the late onset group. The present finding indicated that GSTM1 and GSTT1 are candidate polymorphisms for susceptibility to BDP among adolescents.

Haplotypes reported by this study for BD (count: 3)

Markers	Haplotype	Related Gene(s)/Region(s)	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Result Category
(GSTM1_positive/null) - (GSTT1_positive/null)	(GSTM1_null)-(GSTT1_positive)	GSTM1 GSTT1	For early onset BPD, X<sup>2</sup> test:genotype P-value = 0.137.For late onset BPD, X<sup>2</sup> test:genotype P-value = 0.755	No significant association was found . No significant association was found .	Negative
(GSTM1_positive/null) - (GSTT1_positive/null)	(GSTM1_positive)-(GSTT1_null)	GSTM1 GSTT1	For early onset BPD, X<sup>2</sup> test:genotype P-value = 0.032.For late onset BPD, X<sup>2</sup> test:genotype P-value = 0.639	Significant association was found in early-onset BD. Significant association was found in early-onset BD.	Positive
(GSTM1_positive/null) - (GSTT1_positive/null)	(GSTM1_null)-(GSTT1_null)	GSTM1 GSTT1	For early onset BPD, X<sup>2</sup> test:genotype P-value = 0.331.For late onset BPD, X<sup>2</sup> test:genotype P-value = 0.336	No significant association was found . No significant association was found .	Negative

Other variants reported by this study for BD (count: 2)

Variant Name	Related Gene	Type	Allele Change	Risk Allele	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Result Category
GSTM1 positive/null	GSTM1	insertion/deletion	positive/null		X² test:For BPD, genotype P-value = 0.094.For early onset BPD, genotype P-value = 0.006.For late onset BPD, genotype P-value = 0.241	Significant association was observed in early onset BD. Significant association was observed in early onset BD.	Positive
GSTT1 positive/null	GSTT1	insertion/deletion	positive/null		X² test:For BPD, genotype P-value = 0.933.For early onset BPD, genotype P-value = 0.062.For late onset BPD, genotype P-value = 0.646	No significant association was observed. No significant association was observed.	Negative

Genes reported by this study for BD (count: 2)

Gene	Statistical Values/Author Comments	Result Category
GSTM1	The present finding indicated that GSTM1 and GSTT1 are candidate polymorphisms for susceptibility to...... The present finding indicated that GSTM1 and GSTT1 are candidate polymorphisms for susceptibility to BDP among adolescents. More...	Positive
GSTT1	The present finding indicated that GSTM1 and GSTT1 are candidate polymorphisms for susceptibility to...... The present finding indicated that GSTM1 and GSTT1 are candidate polymorphisms for susceptibility to BDP among adolescents. More...	Positive

Gene-gene interactions reported by this study for BD (count: 1)

Gene Group	Markers	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Result Category
GSTM1 GSTT1	(GSTM1_positive/null) - (GSTT1_positive/null)	For markers "(GSTM1_positive) - (GSTT1_null)": For early onset BPD, X² test: genotype P-value = 0.032. For late onset BPD, X² test: genotype P-value = 0.639; For markers "(GSTM1_null) - (GSTT1_positive)": For early onset BPD, X² test: genotype P-value = 0.137.For late onset BPD, X² test: genotype P-value = 0.755; For markers "(GSTM1_null) - (GSTT1_null)": For early onset BPD, X² test: genotype P-value = 0.331. For late onset BPD, X² test: genotype P-value = 0.336.	Significant association was found in early-onset BD. Significant association was found in early-onset BD.	Positive