Study Report

Reference	Abou Jamra, R.,2005(a) PMID: 16094254
Citation	Abou Jamra, R., J. Schumacher, et al. (2005). No evidence for an association between variants at the proline dehydrogenase locus and schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. Psychiatr Genet 15(3): 195-198.
Disease Type	Bipolar Disorder & Schizophrenia
Study Design	case-control
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	299 schizophrenia patients,300 BPAD cases consisted and 300 controls
SNP/Region/Marker Size	3 SNPs
Predominant Ethnicity	Caucasian
Population	German
Gender	The schizophrenia patients comprised 151 males and 148 females and the 300 BPAD cases consisted of 138 males and 162 females. The 300 controls comprised 121 males and 179 females.
Age Group	Adults : Mean age(SD)(year): 38.6(11.9) in schizophrenia patients,42.3(13.2) in BPAD cases and 47.1(15.2) in controls.

Sample Diagnosis	DSM
Sample Status	All individuals included in the study were of German descent and recruited from the same geographical area.Patients were systematically ascertained at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn. Written, informed consent was obtained from all patients and controls. All patients had been interviewed by experienced psychiatrists using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (First et al., 1997). Lifetime 'best estimate'diagnoses according to DSM-IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) were based on multiple sources of information including a personal structured interview (SCID-I), medical records, and family history.Consensus diagnoses were reached by two psychiatrists,and whenever necessary, further psychiatrists were included in the decision process.
Technique	genotyping
Statistical Method	For statistical analysis, we used the Armitage's trend test,which in the case of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is equivalent to the standard X2 test for allele frequencies.Haplotype frequencies were compared in cases and controls, with the program FAMHAP (Becker and Knapp,2004).
Result Summary	Neither single marker nor haplotype analysis revealed an association between variants at the proline dehydrogenase locus and schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder.