Study Report

Reference	Li, J.,2011(a) PMID: 21146959
Citation	Li, J., J. Liu, et al. (2011). "The MDGA1 gene confers risk to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder." Schizophr Res 125(2-3): 194-200.
Disease Type	Bipolar Disorder & Schizophrenia & Major Depressive Disorder
Study Design	case-control
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	1135 unrelated schizophrenia patients, 1135 unrelated bipolar disorder patients, 1135 unrelated major depressive disorder patients and 1135 unrelated controls
SNP/Region/Marker Size	11 SNPs
Predominant Ethnicity	Mongloid
Population	Chinese
Gender	Male/female:618/517 in BD patients ,630/505 in SZ patients,483/652 in MDD patients and 369/766 in controls
Age Group	Adults : Mean age(SD)(year):36.6(13.8)[the onset age was 30.0(6.9)] in BD patients ,35.4(7.2)[the onset age was 20.4(8.7)] in SZ patients, 35.1(11.6)[the onset age was 29.7( 6.9)] in MDD patients and 58.7(9.9) in controls

Sample Diagnosis	DSM
Sample Status	All participantswere recruited and interviewed by Shanghai Institute of Mental Health. All of our subjects in these studies were unrelated, living in Shanghai andwere of Shanghai origin. All cases were outpatients or stable in-patients. Eligible cases had to meet all of the following criteria namely that: (1) all cases were interviewed by two independent psychiatrists and were diagnosed strictly according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV edition (DSM-IV) criteria; (2) all cases were diagnosed strictly according to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders- Patient Edition (SCID-I/P); (3) the age of all caseswas from18 to 65 years; (4) the psychiatric history of all cases must be at least two years; (5) all cases were excluded if they had other diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension; (6) all cases were excluded if they were biologically related to another study participant; and (7) approval was received for the study from the local Ethics Committee of Human Genetic Resources and all participants provided written informed consent in the study.
Technique	genotyping
Statistical Method	All the parameter calculations, allele and genotype frequencies,Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, pair-wised linkage disequilibrium analysis, haplotype analysis and p-value permutations were conducted online by http://analysis.bio-x.cn (Li et al.,2009; Shi and He, 2005), a robust and user-friendly platform with integrated analysis tools particularly suited to association studies.
Result Summary	RESULTS: The genotype frequency of rs11759115 differed significantly between schizophrenia patients and controls. The C-C haplotype of rs11759115-rs7769372 was also positively associated with schizophrenia (permutated p=0.046). Rs1883901 was found to be positively associated with bipolar disorder (allele: permutated p=0.0085; genotype: permutated p=0.0009; OR=1.31 [95%CI=1.12-1.52]). The A-G-G haplotype of rs1883901-rs10807187-rs9462343 was also positively associated with bipolar disorder with a global p value of 0.0391 after permutations. No individual SNP or haplotype was associated with major depressive disorder after permutations. CONCLUSION: The MDGA1 gene may confer risk to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Chinese Han population.